Biomarker: Immunoglobulin Isotyping

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Analyte:

Immunoglobulin Isotyping

Platform:

MSD-ECL

Status:

Experienced Running

Biological or Clinical Significance:

Immunoglobulin isotype refers to the slight phenotypic variations within the immunoglobulin gene family that encode for variant immunoglobulin heavy chains and immunoglobulin light chains. In humans, there are five heavy chain isotypes and two light chain isotypes, which differ in function and antigen responses primarily due to structure variability:

Heavy Chain
• IgA
• IgD
• IgG
• IgE
• IgM

Light Chain
• κ
• λ

The Immunoglobulins IgG and IgA are further grouped into subclasses (e.g. in Human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) based on additional small differences in the amino acid heavy chain sequences.

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References:

Janeway, CA; Travers, P; Walport, M; et al. (2001). “Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition.”. NCBI. NCBI. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
Stavnezer, Janet (1996). “Immunoglobulin Class Switching”. Current Opinion in Immunology. doi:10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80058-6. PMID 8725943. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
Pei, Tong; Wesemann, Duane (2015). Molecular Mechanisms of IgE Class Switch Recombination. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-319-13725-4.
Alberts, Bruce; Johnson, Alexander; Lewis, Julian; Raff, Martin; Roberts, Keith; Walter, Peter (2002-01-01). “Helper T Cells and Lymphocyte Activation”.
Chandra, Vivek; Bortnick, Alexandra; Murre, Cornelis (2015-09-01). “AID targeting: old mysteries and new challenges”. Trends in Immunology 36 (9): 527–535. doi:10.1016/j.it.2015.07.003. PMC 4567449. PMID 26254147.