Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVcr-1) also known as T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAVCR1 gene. The hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1/TIM-1), is a member of the TIM (T cell transmembrane, immunoglobulin, and mucin) gene family, which plays critical roles in regulating immune cell activity especially regarding the host response to viral infection. TIM-1 is also involved in allergic response, asthma, and transplant tolerance.
TIM genes are also involved in host-virus interaction. As receptors for phosphatidylserine, TIM proteins bind many families of viruses that include viruses such as dengue and ebola. Interestingly entry of Lassa fever virus, influenza A virus, and SARS coronavirus were not affected by TIM-1 expression. TIM-1 and TIM-4 enhanced viral entry more than TIM-3.
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