The level of albumin protein produced by microalbuminuria can be detected by special albumin-specific urine dipsticks. A microalbumin urine test determines the presence of the albumin in urine. In a properly functioning body, albumin is not normally present in urine because it is retained in the bloodstream by the kidneys.

Microalbuminuria indicates the presence of an abnormal urinary excretion of albumin, signifying endothelial dysfunction and an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Reducing albuminuria with pharmacologic therapy has been associated with improved outcomes in studies employing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin type-1 receptor antagonists as part of a therapeutic regimen. A microalbumin test is used to detect early signs of kidney damage in people who are at risk of developing kidney disease.